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Climate change is a pressing global issue characterized by risin g temperatures, extreme weather events, and unprecedented changes in the Earth's climate system. Human activities, particularly fossil fuel burning and deforestation , have significantly contributed to the increase in greenhouse gases i
n the atmosphere, leading to global warming ¹. *Causes of Climate Change:* - *Greenhouse Gas Emissions*: The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases, trapping heat in the atmosphere and driving global warming. - *Deforestation*: The clearance of forests for agriculture, urbanization, and logging releases stored carbon and reduces the ability of forests to act as carbon sinks. - *Industrial Agriculture*: Certain agricultural practices contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and affect the environment ². *Effects of Climate Change:* - *Rising Sea Levels*: Melting glaciers and ice sheets, along with thermal expansion of seawater, are causing sea levels to rise, threatening coastal communities and ecosystems. - *Extreme Weather Events*: Climate change is linked to increased frequency and severity of heatwaves, droughts, and heavy rainfall, impacting human health, infrastructure, and economies. - *Loss of Biodiversity*: Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns are altering ecosystems, leading to loss of biodiversity and extinction of species. *Solutions and Actions:* - *Transition to Renewable Energy*: Shifting from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and hydroelectric power can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. - *Energy Efficiency*: Improving energy efficiency in buildings, transportation, and industry can also lower emissions. - *Sustainable Land Use*: Practices like reforestation, sustainable agriculture, and ecosystem restoration can help sequester carbon dioxide. - *Climate-Resilient Infrastructure*: Building infrastructure that can withstand the impacts of climate change, such as sea-level rise and extreme weather events, is crucial for protecting communities ² ¹ ³. *Global Response:* The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to well below 2°C and pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. Achieving this goal requires immediate and ambitious action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition to a low-carbon economy. The United Nations and other international organizations are working to support countries in their efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change ².

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